Display panel driving method, display apparatus, display panel driving apparatus and electronic apparatus

ABSTRACT

A display panel driving method for controlling the total light emitting period length within a one-field period includes placing a first light emission period, a second light emission period, and a third light emission period within the one-field period, and adjusting, in a state in which a period length from a starting timing of the first light emission period to an ending timing of the third light emission period is at least 25% and at most 75% of a one-field period length, a first no-light emission period between the first light emission period and the second light emission period and a second no-light emission period between the second light emission period and the third light emission period.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a Continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.:14/278,045, filed May 15, 2014, which is a Continuation Application ofU.S. patent application Ser. No.: 12/153,477, filed May 20, 2008, whichin turn claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No.:2007-148699 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Jun. 5, 2007, the entirecontents of which being incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to a method for controlling the peakluminance level of a display panel, and more specifically to a displaypanel driving method, a display apparatus, a display panel drivingapparatus and an electronic apparatus.

2. Description of the Related Art

In recent years, development of display apparatus of the self-luminoustype wherein organic EL (Electro Luminescence) devices are arranged in amatrix has been and is advancing. A display panel which uses an organicEL device is simple and easy in reduction in weight and film thicknessand besides is high in response speed, and therefore is superior in amoving picture display characteristic. A display panel which uses anorganic EL device is hereinafter referred to also as organic EL panel.

Incidentally, as a driving method for an organic EL panel, a passivematrix driving method and an active matrix driving method are available.Recently, development of a display panel of the active matrix drivingtype wherein an active device in the form of a thin film transistor anda capacitor are disposed for each pixel circuit is being carried outenergetically.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a configuration of an organic EL panel havinga variation function of a light emitting period. Referring to FIG. 1,the organic EL panel 1 includes a pixel array section 3, a firstscanning line driving section 5 for writing a signal voltage, a secondscanning line driving section 7 for controlling the light emittingperiod, and a data line driving section 9. Pixel circuits 11 arearranged in M rows×N columns in the pixel array section 3. The values ofM and N depend upon the display resolution.

It is to be noted that a scanning line VSCAN1 in FIG. 1 is a wiring linefor providing a writing timing of a signal voltage. Meanwhile, anotherscanning line VSCAN2 is a wiring line for providing a start timing andan end timing of a light emitting period. Further, a signal line Vsig isa wiring line for providing a signal voltage corresponding to pixeldata.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a configuration of a pixel circuit 11 havinga variation function of the light emitting period. It is to be notedthat various circuit configurations have been proposed for such pixelcircuits. FIG. 2 shows a one of comparatively simple ones of suchcircuit configurations.

Referring to FIG. 2, the pixel circuit 11 shown includes a write controldevice T1, a current driving device T2, a light emitting period controldevice T3, a holding capacitor Cs and an organic EL device OLED.

In the pixel circuit 11 shown in FIG. 2, an N-channel thin filmtransistor is used for the write control device T1 and a P-channel thinfilm transistor is used for the current driving device T2 while anN-channel thin film transistor is used for the light emitting periodcontrol device T3.

Here, the operation state of the write control device T1 is controlledby the first scanning line VSCAN1 connected to the gate electrode of thewrite control device T1. When the write control device T1 is in an onstate, a signal voltage corresponding to pixel data is written into theholding capacitor Cs through the signal line Vsig.

The signal voltage after written is held in the holding capacitor Cs fora period of time of one field. The signal voltage held in the holdingcapacitor Cs corresponds to the gate-source voltage Vgs of the currentdriving device T2.

Accordingly, drain current Ids having a magnitude corresponding to themagnitude of the signal voltage held in the holding capacitor Cs flowsto the current driving device T2. As the drain current Ids increases,the current flowing to the organic EL device OLED increases and theemitted light luminance increases.

It is to be noted, however, that supplying and stopping of the draincurrent Ids to the organic EL device OLED are controlled by the lightemitting period control device T3. In particular, the organic EL deviceOLED emits light only within a period within which the light emittingperiod control device T3 is in an on state. The operation state of thelight emitting period control device T3 is controlled by the secondscanning line VSCAN2.

Also a pixel circuit having a circuit configuration shown in FIG. 3 isused for the pixel circuit 11 having a variation function of the lightemitting period. Referring to FIG. 3, the pixel circuit 11 shown isgenerally formed such that the voltage of a power supply line to whichthe current driving device T2 is connected is variably controlled tocontrol supplying and stopping of the drain current Ids to the organicEL device OLED. The pixel circuit 11 includes a write control device T1,a current driving device T2, a holding capacitor Cs and an organic ELdevice OLED.

In the pixel circuit 11 shown in FIG. 3, a power supply line to whichthe source electrode of the current driving device T2 is connectedcorresponds to the second scanning line VSCAN2. To the second scanningline VSCAN2, a power supply voltage VDD of a high potential or a powersupply voltage VSS2 of a low potential lower than a further power supplyvoltage VDD is supplied. Within a period within which the power supplyvoltage VDD of the high potential is supplied, the organic EL deviceOLED emits light, but within another period within which the powersupply voltage VSS2 of the low potential is supplied, the organic ELdevice OLED emits no light.

FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate relationships between voltages applied to thefirst scanning line VSCAN1 and the second scanning line VSCAN2 and thedriving state of the corresponding pixel. It is to be noted that FIG. 4illustrates the relationship where the light emitting period is long,and FIG. 5 illustrates the relationship where the light emitting periodis short.

Incidentally, FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the relationships between theapplied voltage and the driving state corresponding to the pixelcircuits 11 from the first to third rows of the pixel array section 3.In particular, a numerical value in parentheses represents acorresponding row position.

As seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, a period within which both of the firstscanning line VSCAN1 and the second scanning line VSCAN2 have the Llevel corresponds to a no-light emitting period.

On the other hand, a period within which the first scanning line VSCAN1has the H level and the second scanning line VSCAN2 has the L levelcorresponds to a writing period of the signal voltage.

Further, a period within which the first scanning line VSCAN1 has the Llevel and the second scanning line VSCAN2 has the H level corresponds toa light emitting period.

The reason why a variation function of the light emitting period isincorporated in the pixel circuit 11 in this manner is that such severaladvantages as described below are achieved.

One of the advantages is that, even if the amplitude of an input signalis not varied, the peak luminance level can be adjusted. FIG. 6illustrates a relationship between the light emitting period lengthoccupying in a one-field period and the peak luminance level.

As a result, where the input signal is a digital signal, it is possibleto adjust the peak luminance level without reducing the gradation numberof the signal. On the other hand, where the input signal is an analogsignal, since the signal amplitude does not decrease, the noise immunitycan be raised. In this manner, variation control of the light emittingperiod length is effective to implement a pixel circuit which provideshigh picture quality and can easily adjust the peak luminance.

Further, the variation control of the light emitting period length hasan advantage that, where the pixel circuit is of the current writingtype, the writing current value can be increased to reduce the writingtime.

Furthermore, the variation control of the light emitting period lengthis advantageous in that it improves the picture quality of movingpictures. It is to be noted that, in FIGS. 7 to 9, the axis of abscissaindicates the position on the screen and the axis of ordinate indicatesthe elapsed time. All of FIGS. 7 to 9 illustrate a movement of a line ofsight where an emission line moves within the screen.

FIG. 7 indicates a display characteristic of the hold type displaywherein the light emitting period is given as 100% of a one-fieldperiod. A representative one of display apparatus of the type justdescribed is a liquid crystal display apparatus.

FIG. 8 illustrates a display characteristic of the impulse type displayapparatus wherein the light emitting period is sufficiently short withrespect to a one-field period. A representative one of display apparatusof the type described is a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display apparatus.

FIG. 9 illustrates a display characteristic of the hold type displayapparatus wherein the light emitting period is limited to 50% of aone-field period.

As can be recognized from comparison of FIGS. 7 to 9, where the lightemitting period is 100% of a one-field period as seen in FIG. 7, aphenomenon that the display width looks wider upon movement of a brightspot, that is, a motion artifact, is likely to be perceived.

On the other hand, where the light emitting period is sufficientlyshorter than a one-field period as seen in FIG. 8, the display widthremains short also upon movement of a bright point. In other words, amotion artifact is not perceived.

Where the light emitting period is 50% of a one-field period as seen inFIG. 9, also upon movement of a bright point, increase of the displaywidth can be suppressed, and motion artifact can be reduced as much.

Generally, it is known that, in the case of moving pictures wherein aone-field period is given by 60 Hz, if the light emitting period is setto 75% or more of a one-field period, then the moving picturecharacteristic is deteriorated significantly. Thus, it is estimated thatpreferably the light emitting period is suppressed to less than 50% of aone-field period.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate examples of a driving timing of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 where a one-field period includes a single lightemitting period. In particular, FIG. 10 illustrates an example of adriving timing where the light emitting period within a one-field periodis 50% while FIG. 11 illustrates another example of a driving timingwhere the light emitting period within a one-field period is 20%. InFIGS. 10 and 11, it is illustrated that the phase relationship makes onecycle with 20 lines.

It is to be noted that the light emitting period corresponding to thesth scanning line VSCAN2(s) can be given by an expression given below.However, it is assumed that a one-field period is given by m horizontalscanning periods, and writing operation into the sth scanning lineVSCAN2(s) is carried out within the sth horizontal scanning period andlight emission is carried out simultaneously. Further, the ratio of thelight emitting period occupying in a one-field period T is representedby DUTY.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare individually given by the following expressions:

Light emitting period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY}·T

No-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

where t satisfies a period given by the following expression:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

Relating techniques are disclosed in JP-A-2002-514320, Japanese PatentLaid-Open No. 2005-027028 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-215213.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, where a light emitting period and a no-light emitting periodare provided in a one-field period, suppression of flickering becomes anew technical subject to be solved. Generally, in the case of movingpictures whose one-field period is given by 60 Hz, it is known that, ifthe light emitting period is set lower than 25% of a one-field period,then flickering is actualized, and it is considered desirable to set thelight emitting period equal to or longer than 50% of a one-field period.

In particular, it is known that, in restriction to the light emittingperiod, two items of the picture quality of moving pictures andflickering have a tradeoff relationship, and the setting range of thelight emitting period is restricted by the tradeoff relationship.However, the restriction to the setting range leads to restriction ofthe variation range of the peak luminance level.

Therefore, as a method of reducing flickering where the light emittingperiod is short, a method of dividing a light emitting period within aone-field period into a plurality of periods has been proposed.

FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate relationships between the voltages applied tothe first scanning line VSCAN1 and the second scanning line VSCAN2 andthe driving state of a corresponding pixel. In particular, FIG. 12illustrates a relationship where the light emitting period is long whileFIG. 13 illustrates a relationship where the light emitting period isshort.

Incidentally, FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate relationships between theapplied voltage and the driving state corresponding to the pixelcircuits 11 in the first to third rows of the pixel array section 3. Inparticular, a numerical value in parentheses represents a correspondingrow position.

FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate examples of a driving timing of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 where a one-field period includes two lightemitting periods. In the existing driving methods illustrated in FIGS.14 and 15, one field is divided into a former half period and a latterhalf period, and the light emitting period is varied for each of thehalf periods. In particular, within the former half period, the lightemitting period length is varied with reference to a reference pointwhich is 0% of the one-field period, and within the latter half period,the light emitting period is varied with reference to a reference pointwhich is 50% of the one-field period.

Incidentally, FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a driving timing wherethe total light emitting period within a one-field period is 50%, andFIG. 15 illustrates another example of a driving method wherein thetotal light emitting period within a one-field period is 20%. Also FIGS.14 and 15 present that the phase relationship makes one cycle with 20lines.

Where a one-field period includes two light emitting periods, the lightemitting period corresponding to the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) can begiven by an expression given below. It is to be noted, however, that aone-field period is given as m horizontal scanning periods, and writingoperation into the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) is carried out within thesth horizontal scanning period and emission of light is startedsimultaneously. Further, the ratio of the light emitting periodoccupying in the one-field period T is represented by DUTY.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare individually given by the following expressions:

Light emitting period in former half period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY/2}·T

No-light emitting period in former half period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY/2}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1/2}·T

Light emitting period in latter half period:[(s−1)/m+1/2]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+(1+DUTY)/2}·T

No-light emitting period in latter half period:{[(s−1)/m]+(1+DUTY)/2}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

where t satisfies a period given by the following expression:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

However, in the driving method wherein a one-field period is dividedinto a former half period and a latter half period, where the totallight emitting period is 50% of a one-field period, light emission of25%→no-light emission of 25%→light emission of 25%→no-light emission of25% occurs repetitively.

According to this form of light emission, a movement of a line of sightsame as that where the light emitting period is 75% of a one-fieldperiod occurs.

In other words, in the driving method wherein a one-field period issimply divided into a former half period and a latter half period, whileflickering can be reduced, there is a technical subject to be solved inthat motion artifact occurs and deteriorates the picture quality ofmoving pictures.

In addition, since the former half period and the latter half periodexhibit an equal ratio in light emission, there is another subject inthat moving display of a straight line is likely to be visually observedas two straight lines.

Therefore, it is demanded to provide a driving technique for a displaypanel wherein the peak luminance level can be adjusted over a wide rangewhile both of motion artifact and flickering can be suppressed.

An embodiment according to the present invention proposes a method ofand an apparatus for variably controlling, where a one-field period hasN light emitting periods disposed therein, N being equal to or greaterthan 2, the light emitting period length of a particular one of thelight emitting periods and the other light emitting period or periods toprovide a difference in luminance between the particular light emittingperiod and the other light emitting period or periods so that theparticular light emitting period is visually observed as the center oflight emission.

Where the method or apparatus is adopted, even where a one-field periodhas N light emitting periods disposed therein, N being equal to orgreater than 2, a difference in luminance can be provided between thelight emitting period at the center of light emission and the otherlight emitting period or periods.

Consequently, a difference in luminance can be provided clearly betweenan image visually observed principally and any other image. As a result,a multiple overlapping phenomenon of images of a substantially equalluminance which makes a cause of motion artifact can be reduced.Consequently, even where the peak luminance level is to be adjusted overa wide range, deterioration of the picture quality can be suppressed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become apparent from the following description and theappended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings inwhich like parts or elements denoted by like reference symbols.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a generalconfiguration of an organic EL panel in related art;

FIGS. 2 and 3 are circuit diagrams showing different examples of a pixelcircuit of the active matrix driving type;

FIGS. 4 and 5 are timing charts illustrating different examples ofdriving operation of the organic EL panel in related art which includesone light emitting period;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a light emittingperiod length and a peak luminance level;

FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrammatic views illustrating different relationshipsbetween the light emitting period length and the movement of the line ofsight;

FIGS. 10 and 11 are timing charts illustrating different examples ofdriving timings where the light emitting period lengths of 50% and 20%are provided by one light emitting period, respectively, in the organicEL panel in related art;

FIGS. 12 and 13 are timing charts illustrating different examples ofdriving operation of the organic EL panel in related art which includetwo light emitting periods;

FIGS. 14 and 15 are timing charts illustrating different examples ofdriving timings where the light emitting period lengths of 50% and 20%are provided by two light emitting periods, respectively, in the organicEL panel in related art;

FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a relationship between thelight emitting period length and the movement of a line of sight in theorganic EL panel in related art;

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a generalconfiguration of an organic EL panel to which an embodiment of thepresent invention is applied;

FIGS. 18 and 19 are timing charts illustrating different examples of adriving timing of the organic EL panel of FIG. 17 according to a drivingexample 1;

FIG. 20 is a timing chart illustrating a variation of an adjustment stepof a light emitting period in the organic EL panel of FIG. 17 accordingto the driving example 1;

FIG. 21 is a timing chart illustrating a different adjustment step inthe organic EL panel of FIG. 17;

FIGS. 22 and 23 are timing charts illustrating different examples of adriving timing of the organic EL panel of FIG. 17 according to a drivingexample 2;

FIGS. 24 and 25 are timing charts illustrating different examples of adriving timing of the organic EL panel of FIG. 17 according to a drivingexample 3;

FIG. 26 is a timing chart illustrating another different adjustment stepin the organic EL panel of FIG. 17;

FIGS. 27 and 28 are timing charts illustrating different examples of adriving timing of the organic EL panel of FIG. 17 according to a drivingexample 4;

FIGS. 29 and 30 are timing charts illustrating different examples of adriving timing of the organic EL panel of FIG. 17 according to a drivingexample 5;

FIGS. 31 and 32 are timing charts illustrating different examples of adriving timing of the organic EL panel of FIG. 17 according to a drivingexample 6;

FIGS. 33 and 34 are timing charts illustrating different examples of adriving timing of the organic EL panel of FIG. 17 according to a drivingexample 7;

FIG. 35 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of adisplay module;

FIG. 36 is a schematic view showing an example of a functionconfiguration of an electronic apparatus; and

FIGS. 37, 38A and 38B, 39, 40A and 40B, and 41 are schematic viewsshowing different examples of a commodity as an electronic apparatus.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the following, an organic EL panel of the active matrix driving typeto which embodiments according to the present invention are applied isdescribed.

It is to be noted that, to those matters which are not disclosed in thepresent specification and the accompanying drawings, techniques whichare known in the technical field to which an embodiment according to thepresent invention belongs are applied.

A. Structure of the Organic EL Panel

FIG. 17 shows an example of a general configuration of an organic ELpanel to which an embodiment according to the present invention isapplied.

Referring to FIG. 17, the organic EL panel 21 includes a pixel arraysection 3, a first scanning line driving section 5 for writing a signalvoltage, a second scanning line driving section 7 for controlling thelight emitting period, a data line driving section 9, and a lightemitting timing determination section 23. The pixel array section 3includes pixel circuits 11 arranged in M rows×N columns. The values of Mand N depend upon the display resolution.

The light emitting timing determination section 23 is a component uniqueto the organic EL panel 21. A total light emitting period (ratio DUTY)occupying within a one-field period T is provided to the light emittingtiming determination section 23. The light emitting timing determinationsection 23 determines arrangement of light emitting periods so as tosatisfy the total light emitting period (ratio DUTY) provided thereto.Here, the arrangement of the light emitting periods is determined foreach second scanning line VSCAN2.

Although a particular determination method of light emitting periods ishereinafter described, where a plurality of light emitting periods areto be arranged in a one-field period, the light emitting timingdetermination section 23 variably controls the light emitting periodlengths of a particular light emitting period and the other lightemitting periods so that the particular light emitting period becomesthe center of light emission. The light emitting timing determinationsection 23 and the second scanning line driving section 7 correspond toa “display panel driving section”.

It is to be noted that, in order to reduce flickering and motionartifact to improve the picture quality, it is desirable to determinetimings such that the period length from a start timing of thefirst-time light emitting period to an end timing of the last-time lightemitting period becomes equal to or longer than 25% of a one-fieldperiod but equal to or shorter than 75% of a one-field period.

The light emitting timing determination section 23 operates to supply astart pulse DSST for providing a start timing of each light emittingperiod and an end pulse DSET for providing an end timing of each lightemitting period to the second scanning line driving section 7 togetherwith a clock DSCK.

B. Driving Examples

B-1. Driving Example 1 of the Display Panel

Here, where two light emitting periods are arranged in a one-fieldperiod, a driving example of variably driving the length of the lightemitting periods such that the ratio between the first and second lightemitting period lengths is 3:1 is described.

FIGS. 18 and 19 illustrate examples of a driving timing of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 where a one-field period includes two lightemitting periods. In both of the examples of FIGS. 18 and 19, the starttiming of the first-time light emitting period is fixed to 0% of aone-field period, and the start timing of the second-time light emittingperiod is fixed to 75% of a one-field period. It is to be noted thatFIG. 18 corresponds to a case wherein the total light emitting periodlength is comparatively short, but FIG. 19 corresponds to another casewherein the total light emitting period length is comparatively long.

Incidentally, while it is represented in FIGS. 18 and 19 that the phaserelationship makes one cycle with 20 lines similarly as in the examplesof related art described hereinabove, actually the phase relationship isset so as to make one cycle with M lines.

At this time, the light emitting timing determination section 23determines the light emitting period corresponding to the sth scanningline VSCAN2(s) in accordance with the expression given below.

However, the following calculation expressions are represented such thata one-field period is given by m horizontal scanning periods. Further,the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) is represented such that writingoperation is carried out within the sth horizontal scanning period andemission of light is started simultaneously. Further, the ratio of thetotal light emitting period occupying within a one-field period T isrepresented by DUTY. It is to be noted that, if a result of thecalculation does not become an integral value, then the correspondingtiming is adjusted in a unit of a clock.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare given by the following expressions:

First-time light emitting period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(3/4)}·T

First-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(3/4)·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.75}·T

Second-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.75}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.75+DUTY·(1/4)}·T

Second-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.75+DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

where t is a period which satisfies the following expression:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

In the present driving example, the length of the first-time lightemitting period is equal to three times the length of the second-timelight emitting period. Accordingly, even if two light emitting periodsexist within a one-field period, principally the first-time lightemitting period is visually observed due to the difference in luminancebetween the two light emitting periods. As a result, a phenomenon thatan image is visually observed in double vision can be reducedsignificantly.

It is to be noted that, in the case of the present driving example, thetotal light emitting period can be variably controlled within the rangeof 0% to 100%. Accordingly, the present driving example is effective tomaximize the light emitting luminance of the organic EL panel.

However, as described above, in the present driving example, theadjustment step of the first-time light emitting period normally has atime length equal to three times that of the adjustment step of thesecond-time light emitting period. This is because the light emittingperiods are controlled so that the ratio in length between the first-and second-time light emitting periods becomes 3:1.

Accordingly, in the present driving example, the adjustment step numberof the adjustable luminance level decreases to one fourth that where asingle light emitting period is involved as seen in FIG. 20. On theother hand, the adjustment step width of the luminance level increasesto four times that where one light emitting period is involved.

Accordingly, in order to make control of the luminance level smooth, itis necessary, for example, to reduce one adjustment step. In the presentexample, if one adjustment step is set to one fourth 1%, that is, to0.25, then the variation unit of the luminance level can be madecoincide with that in the case wherein one light emitting period isinvolved.

However, there is the possibility also that the result of calculationbased on the expressions given hereinabove may be smaller than oneadjustment step depending on the size of one adjustment step. In such aninstance, although strictly speaking the relationship of 3:1 is notsatisfied, addition and deletion of adjustment steps may be repeated inpreceding and succeeding fields to cope with this instance.

Or, the light emitting period length may be controlled one by oneadjustment step within the range of adjustment steps allocated to eachlight emitting period as seen in FIG. 21. In this instance, a caseoccurs wherein the lengths of the first-time light emitting period andthe second-time light emitting period are not adjusted simultaneously.Accordingly, it is impossible to apply the expressions givenhereinabove, and also it is impossible to satisfy the relationship of3:1.

However, also in this instance, since the luminance difference betweenthe first-time light emitting period and the second-time light emittingperiod can be kept equal to or higher than 3:1, double vision of animage can be reduced.

It is to be noted that such controlling techniques of adjustment stepscan be applied also to the other driving examples described below.

B-2. Driving Example 2 of the Display Panel

In the driving example 1 described above, a one-field period can beutilized to the utmost for control of the peak luminance level. However,since the start timing of the second-time light emitting period is theposition of 75%, even where the total light emitting period length isshort, it is difficult to be avoided that the apparent light emittingperiod length becomes long. Therefore, there is the possibility thatmotion artifact may matter.

Therefore, in the driving example described below, the maximum value ofthe total light emitting period length (ratio DUTY) for providing anadjustment amount of a peak luminance level is set to 60% of a one-fieldperiod. It is to be noted that, also in the present driving example, theratio between the length of the first-time light emitting period and thelength of the second-time light emitting period is 3:1.

FIGS. 22 and 23 illustrate examples of a driving timing of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 compatible with the present driving technique. Inboth of the examples of FIGS. 22 and 23, the start timing of thefirst-time light emitting period is fixed to 0% of a one-field period,and the start timing of the second-time light emitting period is fixedto 45% of a one-field period. It is to be noted that FIG. 22 correspondsto a case wherein the total light emitting period length iscomparatively short, but FIG. 23 corresponds to another case wherein thetotal light emitting period length is comparatively long.

Incidentally, while it is represented in FIGS. 22 and 23 that the phaserelationship makes one cycle with 20 lines similarly as in the examplesof related art described hereinabove, actually the phase relationship isset so as to make one cycle with M lines.

At this time, the light emitting timing determination section 23determines the light emitting period corresponding to the sth scanningline VSCAN2(s) in accordance with the expression given below.

However, the following calculation expressions are represented such thata one-field period is given by m horizontal scanning periods. Further,the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) is represented such that writingoperation is carried out within the sth horizontal scanning period andemission of light is started simultaneously.

Further, the ratio of the total light emitting period occupying within aone-field period T is represented by DUTY. It is to be noted that, if aresult of the calculation does not become an integral value, then thecorresponding timing is adjusted in a unit of a clock.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare given by the following expressions:where 0<DUTY<0.6,

First-time light emitting period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(3/4)}·T

First-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(3/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.45}·T

Second-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.75}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.45+DUTY·(1/4)}·T

Second-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.45+DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

If the present driving example is adopted, then the total light emittingperiod length (ratio DUTY) occupying in a one-field period T can beadjusted within the range of 0% to 60% of the one-field period T.

From the point of view of motion artifact or flickering, according tothe present driving example, the apparent light emitting period can becontrolled from 45% to 60%.

Consequently, deterioration of the picture quality can be suppressedfrom the point of view of both of flickering and motion artifact.

In this manner, where the driving example 2 is used, the peak luminancelevel can be adjusted over a wide range while deterioration of thepicture quality is suppressed.

B-3. Driving Example 3 of the Display Panel

In the driving example 2 described above, the method wherein the starttiming of the individual light emitting periods is fixed and the endtiming of the individual light emitting periods is delayed in accordancewith increase of the total light emitting period length.

In the present driving example 3 described below, individual lightemitting period lengths are variably controlled such that, in a statewherein the length between the start timing of the first-time lightemitting period and the end timing of the second-time light emittingperiod is fixed, the gap between the two light emitting periods isfilled up.

In particular, the end timing of the first-time light emitting periodand the start timing of the second-time light emitting period arevariably controlled in response to the total light emitting periodlength (ratio DUTY).

FIGS. 24 and 25 illustrate an example of driving timings of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 corresponding to the present driving technique.

It is to be noted that both of FIGS. 24 and 25 correspond to a casewherein the maximum value of the total light emitting period length(ratio DUTY) for providing an adjustment amount of a peak luminancelevel is set to 60% of a one-field period. Further, also in the presentdriving example, the ratio between the length of the first-time lightemitting period and the length of the second-time light emitting periodis 3:1.

Therefore, in the examples of FIGS. 24 and 25, the start timing of thefirst-time light emitting period is fixed to 0% of a one-field period,and the end timing of the second-time light emitting period is fixed to60% of a one-field period. It is to be noted that FIG. 24 corresponds toa case wherein the total light emitting period length is comparativelyshort, but FIG. 25 corresponds to another case wherein the total lightemitting period length is comparatively long.

Incidentally, while it is represented in FIGS. 24 and 25 that the phaserelationship makes one cycle with 20 lines similarly as in the examplesof related art described hereinabove, actually the phase relationship isset so as to make one cycle with M lines.

At this time, the light emitting timing determination section 23determines the light emitting period corresponding to the sth scanningline VSCAN2(s) in accordance with the expression given below.

However, the following calculation expressions are represented such thata one-field period is given by m horizontal scanning periods. Further,the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) is represented such that writingoperation is carried out within the sth horizontal scanning period andemission of light is started simultaneously.

Further, the ratio of the total light emitting period occupying within aone-field period T is represented by DUTY. It is to be noted that, if aresult of the calculation does not become an integral value, then thecorresponding timing is adjusted in a unit of a clock.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare given by the following expressions:where 0<DUTY<0.6,

First-time light emitting period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(3/4)}·T

First-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(3/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.6−DUTY·(1/4)}·T

Second-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.6−DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.6}·T

Second-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.6}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

From the foregoing, also in the present driving example, the total lightemitting period length (ratio DUTY) occupying in a one-field period Tcan be adjusted within the range of 0% to 60% of the one-field period T.

From the point of view of motion artifact or flickering, according tothe present driving example, the apparent light emitting period can becontrolled to 60%.

Consequently, deterioration of the picture quality can be suppressedfrom the point of view of both of flickering and motion artifact.

In this manner, where the driving example 3 is used, the peak luminancelevel can be adjusted over a wide range while deterioration of thepicture quality is suppressed.

However, as described above, also in the present driving example, theadjustment step of the first-time light emitting period normally has atime length equal to three times that of the adjustment step of thesecond-time light emitting period.

Accordingly, also in the present driving example, the adjustment step ofthe adjustable luminance level decreases to one fourth that where asingle light emitting period is involved. On the other hand, thevariation unit of the luminance level increases to four times that whereone light emitting period is involved.

Accordingly, in order to make control of the luminance level smooth, itis necessary, for example, to reduce one adjustment step. In the case ofthe present example, if one adjustment step is set to one fourth 1%,that is, to 0.25, then the variation unit of the luminance level can bemade coincide with that in the case wherein one light emitting period isinvolved.

However, there is the possibility also that the result of calculationbased on the expressions given hereinabove may be smaller than oneadjustment step depending on the size of one adjustment step. In such aninstance, although strictly speaking the relationship of 3:1 is notsatisfied, addition and deletion of adjustment steps may be repeated inpreceding and succeeding fields to cope with this instance.

Or, the light emitting period length may be controlled one by oneadjustment step within the range of adjustment steps allocated to eachlight emitting period as seen in FIG. 26. In this instance, a caseoccurs wherein the lengths of the first-time light emitting period andthe second-time light emitting period are not adjusted simultaneously.Accordingly, it is impossible to apply the expressions givenhereinabove, and also it is impossible to satisfy the relationship of3:1.

However, also in this instance, since the luminance difference betweenthe first-time light emitting period and the second-time light emittingperiod can be kept equal to or higher than 3:1, generally thepossibility that an image may be visually observed in double vision canbe reduced.

It is to be noted that such controlling techniques of adjustment stepscan be applied also to the other driving examples described below.

B-4. Driving Example 4 of the Display Panel

Here, a driving example other than the driving examples describedhereinabove is described. In the present driving example, both of thestart timing and the end timing of one light emitting period from twolight emitting periods are variably controlled simultaneously inresponse to the total light emitting period length (ratio DUTY).

Therefore, in the present driving example, a one-field period is equallydivided into three periods. As an allocation method into such threeperiods, a method wherein the first and the second periods are allocatedto the first-time light emitting period and the third period isallocated to the second-time light emitting period and another methodwherein the first period is allocated to the first-time light emittingperiod and the second and third periods are allocated to the second-timelight emitting period.

In both cases, two periods allocated to one light emitting periodcorrespond to former and latter halves of the light emitting period.

It is to be noted that, in the present driving example, a referencepoint as a fixed point is set to a light emitting period to which twoperiods are allocated. The start timing and the end timing of the lightemitting period are determined with reference to the reference point.

In particular, the start timing is set as a timing of one third of thetotal light emitting period length (ratio DUTY) preceding to thereference point, and the end timing is set as a timing of one third ofthe total light emitting period length (ratio DUTY) following thereference point.

In the following description, the maximum value of the total lightemitting period length (ratio DUTY) is set to 60%, and the point of 40%which is the position at 2/3 of the maximum variation range is set asthe reference point to the second-time light emitting period. In otherwords, the ratio between the length of the first-time light emittingperiod and the length of the second-time light emitting period is se to1:2. In this instance, the variation range of the first-time lightemitting period is given by 0% to 20%, and the variation range of thesecond-time light emitting period is given by 20% to 60%.

FIGS. 27 and 28 illustrate examples of driving timings of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 corresponding to the present driving technique.

It is to be noted that FIG. 27 corresponds to a case wherein the totallight emitting period length is comparatively short, but FIG. 28corresponds to another case wherein the total light emitting periodlength is comparatively long.

Incidentally, while it is represented also in FIGS. 27 and 28 that thephase relationship makes one cycle with 20 lines similarly as in thedriving examples described hereinabove, actually the phase relationshipis set so as to make one cycle with M lines.

At this time, the light emitting timing determination section 23determines the light emitting period corresponding to the sth scanningline VSCAN2(s) in accordance with the expression given below.

However, also the following calculation expressions are represented suchthat a one-field period is given by m horizontal scanning periods.Further, the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) is represented such thatwriting operation is carried out within the sth horizontal scanningperiod and emission of light is started simultaneously.

Further, the ratio of the total light emitting period occupying within aone-field period T is represented by DUTY. It is to be noted that, if aresult of the calculation does not become an integral value, then thecorresponding timing is adjusted in a unit of a clock.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare given by the following expressions:where 0<DUTY<0.6,

First-time light emitting period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(1/3)}·T

First-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(1/3)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.4−DUTY·(1/3)}·T

Second-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.4−DUTY·(1/3)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.4+DUTY·(1/3)}·T

Second-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.4+DUTY·(1/3)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

As described above, also in the case of the present driving example, thetotal light emitting period length (ratio DUTY) occupying in a one-fieldperiod T can be adjusted within the range of 0% to 60% of the one-fieldperiod T.

From the point of view of motion artifact or flickering, according tothe present driving example, the apparent light emitting period can becontrolled from 40% to 60%.

Consequently, deterioration of the picture quality can be suppressedfrom the point of view of both of flickering and motion artifact.

In this manner, where the driving example 3 is used, the peak luminancelevel can be adjusted over a wide range while deterioration of thepicture quality is suppressed.

B-5. Driving Example 5 of the Display Panel

Here, a driving example is described wherein three light emittingperiods are arranged in a one-field period.

Also in this instance, as a controlling method for the light emittingperiods, a method wherein the light emitting period lengths have amonotonously increasing relationship thereamong (length of lightemitting period 1<length of light emitting period 2<length of lightemitting period 3) and another method wherein the light emitting periodlengths have a monotonously decreasing relationship thereamong (lengthof light emitting period 1>length of light emitting period 2>length oflight emitting period 3) are available.

Here, however, a further method wherein the light emitting period lengthof the second light emitting period is set longest is described. This isbecause the second light emitting period is positioned at the center ofthe light emitting periods and besides, where moving images lookmultiply, one of the images which is positioned at the center looks mostclearly.

Here, variable control of the end timings of light emitting periods sothat the light emitting period lengths of the light emitting periods maysatisfy a relationship of 1:2:1 is described.

It is to be noted that the maximum value of the total light emittingperiod (ratio DUTY) within which the adjustment amount for the peakluminance level is 100% of a one-field period.

In particular, an example wherein 25% are allocated to the first-timelight emitting period, 50% to the second-time light emitting period and25% the third-light emitting period is described.

Accordingly, in the present driving example, the start timing of thefirst-time light emitting period is fixed to 0%, the start timing of thesecond-time light emitting period to 25%, and the start timing of thethird-time light emitting period to 75%.

FIGS. 29 and 30 illustrate examples of driving timings of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 corresponding to the present driving technique.

It is to be noted that FIG. 29 corresponds to a case wherein the totallight emitting period length is comparatively short, but FIG. 30corresponds to another case wherein the total light emitting periodlength is comparatively long.

Incidentally, while it is represented also in FIGS. 29 and 30 that thephase relationship makes one cycle with 20 lines similarly as in thedriving examples described hereinabove, actually the phase relationshipis set so as to make one cycle with M lines.

At this time, the light emitting timing determination section 23determines the light emitting period corresponding to the sth scanningline VSCAN2(s) in accordance with the expression given below.

However, also the following calculation expressions are represented suchthat a one-field period is given by m horizontal scanning periods.Further, the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) is represented such thatwriting operation is carried out within the sth horizontal scanningperiod and emission of light is started simultaneously.

Further, the ratio of the total light emitting period occupying within aone-field period T is represented by DUTY. It is to be noted that, if aresult of the calculation does not become an integral value, then thecorresponding timing is adjusted in a unit of a clock.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare given by the following expressions:where 0<DUTY<1,

First-time light emitting period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(1/4)}·T

First-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.25}·T

Second-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.25}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.25+DUTY·(2/4)}·T

Second-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.25+DUTY·(2/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.75}·T

Third-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.75}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.75+DUTY·(1/4)}·T

Third-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.75+DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

In the case of the present driving example, the total light emittingperiod length (ratio DUTY) occupying in a one-field period T can beadjusted within the range of 0% to 100% of the one-field period T.

Further, in the case of the present driving example, the distributionratio of the light emitting time lengths of the light emitting periodsis variably controlled so that the second light emitting period may becentered in light mission.

Accordingly, a phenomenon that an image is visually observed triply canbe suppressed effectively.

B-6. Driving Example 6 of the Display Panel

According to the driving example 5 described above, a one-field periodcan be utilized to the utmost for control of the peak luminance level.However, since the variation range of the light emitting period extendsover the overall one-field period, there is the possibility that motionartifact may matter.

Therefore, in the present driving example, the maximum value of thetotal light emitting period length (ratio DUTY) to which the adjustmentamount of the peak luminance level is 60% of a one-field period isprovided. It is to be noted that, also in the present driving example,the ratio of the length of the first-time light emitting period,second-time light emitting period and third-time light emitting periodis set to 1:2:1.

In particular, in the present driving example, 15% are allocated to thefirst-time light emitting period, 30% to the second-time light emittingperiod and 15% the third-light emitting period.

Accordingly, in the present driving example, the start timing of thefirst-time light emitting period is fixed to 0%, the start timing of thesecond-time light emitting period to 15%, and the start timing of thethird-time light emitting period to 45%.

FIGS. 31 and 32 illustrate examples of driving timings of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 corresponding to the present driving technique.Both of FIGS. 31 and 32 represent that the start timing of thefirst-time light emitting period is fixed to 0%, the start timing of thesecond-time light emitting period to 15%, and the start timing of thethird-time light emitting period to 45%. It is to be noted that FIG. 31corresponds to a case wherein the total light emitting period length iscomparatively short, but FIG. 32 corresponds to another case wherein thetotal light emitting period length is comparatively long.

Incidentally, while it is represented also in FIGS. 31 and 32 that thephase relationship makes one cycle with 20 lines similarly as in thedriving examples described hereinabove, actually the phase relationshipis set so as to make one cycle with M lines.

At this time, the light emitting timing determination section 23determines the light emitting period corresponding to the sth scanningline VSCAN2(s) in accordance with the expression given below.

However, also the following calculation expressions are represented suchthat a one-field period is given by m horizontal scanning periods.Further, the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) is represented such thatwriting operation is carried out within the sth horizontal scanningperiod and emission of light is started simultaneously.

Further, the ratio of the total light emitting period occupying within aone-field period T is represented by DUTY. It is to be noted that, if aresult of the calculation does not become an integral value, then thecorresponding timing is adjusted in a unit of a clock.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare given by the following expressions:where 0<DUTY<0.6,

First-time light emitting period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(1/4)}·T

First-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.15}·T

Second-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.15}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.15+DUTY·(2/4)}·T

Second-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.15+DUTY·(2/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.45}·T

Third-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.45}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.45+DUTY·(1/4)}·T

Third-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.45+DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

Where the present driving example is adopted, the total light emittingperiod length (ratio DUTY) occupying in a one-field period T can beadjusted within the range of 0% to 60% of the one-field period T.

From the point of view of motion artifact or flickering, according tothe present driving example, the apparent light emitting period can becontrolled from 45% to 60%.

Consequently, deterioration of the picture quality can be suppressedfrom the point of view of both of flickering and motion artifact.

In this manner, where the driving example 6 is used, the peak luminancelevel can be adjusted over a wide range while deterioration of thepicture quality is suppressed.

B-7. Driving Example 7 of the Display Panel

Here, in a driving example 7, the variation technique of the drivingexample 3 is applied to the light emitting period length of the firstand third light emitting periods from among three light emitting periodsand the variation technique of the driving example 4 is applied to thelight emitting period length of the second light emitting period.

In particular, the start timing of the first light emitting period andthe end timing of the third light emitting period are fixed while theother timings are variably controlled, and both of the start and endtimings of the second light emitting period are variably controlled withreference to the reference point.

It is to be noted that, also in the present driving example, the maximumvalue of the total light emitting period length (ratio DUTY) to whichthe adjustment amount of the peak luminance level is provided is 60% ofa one-field period. Further, the ratio of the length of the first-timelight emitting period, second-time light emitting period and third-timelight emitting period is set to 1:2:1.

In particular, in the present driving example, 15% are allocated to thefirst-time light emitting period, 30% to the second-time light emittingperiod and 15% the third-light emitting period.

Accordingly, in the present driving example, the start timing of thefirst-time light emitting period is fixed to 0%, the base point of thesecond-time light emitting period to 30%, and the end timing of thethird-time light emitting period to 60%.

FIGS. 33 and 34 illustrate examples of driving timings of the secondscanning line VSCAN2 corresponding to the present driving technique. Itis to be noted that FIG. 33 corresponds to a case wherein the totallight emitting period length is comparatively short, but FIG. 34corresponds to another case wherein the total light emitting periodlength is comparatively long.

Incidentally, while it is represented also in FIGS. 33 and 34 that thephase relationship makes one cycle with 20 lines similarly as in thedriving examples described hereinabove, actually the phase relationshipis set so as to make one cycle with M lines.

At this time, the light emitting timing determination section 23determines the light emitting period corresponding to the sth scanningline VSCAN2(s) in accordance with the expression given below.

However, also the following calculation expressions are represented suchthat a one-field period is given by m horizontal scanning periods.Further, the sth scanning line VSCAN2(s) is represented such thatwriting operation is carried out within the sth horizontal scanningperiod and emission of light is started simultaneously.

Further, the ratio of the total light emitting period occupying within aone-field period T is represented by DUTY. It is to be noted that, if aresult of the calculation does not become an integral value, then thecorresponding timing is adjusted in a unit of a clock.

At this time, the light emitting period and the no-light emitting periodare given by the following expressions:where 0<DUTY<0.6,

First-time light emitting period:[(s−1)/m]·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(1/4)}·T

First-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.3−DUTY·(1/4)}·T

Second-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.3−DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.3+DUTY·(1/4)}·T

Second-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.3+DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.6−DUTY·(1/4)}·T

Third-time light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.6−DUTY·(1/4)}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+0.6}·T

Third-time no-light emitting period:{[(s−1)/m]+0.6}·T<t<{[(s−1)/m]+1}·T

Where the present driving example is adopted, the total light emittingperiod length (ratio DUTY) occupying in a one-field period T can beadjusted within the range of 0% to 60% of the one-field period T.

From the point of view of motion artifact or flickering, according tothe present driving example, the apparent light emitting period can becontrolled to 60%.

Consequently, deterioration of the picture quality can be suppressedfrom the point of view of both of flickering and motion artifact.

In this manner, where the driving example 7 is used, the peak luminancelevel can be adjusted over a wide range while deterioration of thepicture quality is suppressed.

C. Other Embodiments

C-1. Relative Ratio Between the Light Emitting Period Lengths

In the driving examples described hereinabove, the ratio between thelight emitting period having the longest light emitting period lengthand the light emitting period having the shortest light emitting periodlength is 3:1 or 2:1.

However, the ratio between the light emitting periods may be differentfrom the specific ratios. It is to be noted that, in order to allow onelight emitting period to be visually observed principally from among aplurality of light emitting periods, preferably the ratio between lightemitting period lengths is equal to or higher than 1.5:1.

C-2. Control of the Adjustment Step

In the driving examples described hereinabove, one field period includestwo light emitting periods and the length of one of the light emittingperiods is varied in a unit of one adjustment step.

Naturally, also where the number of light emitting periods within onefield period is three or more, the length of only one of the lightemitting periods may be variably controlled in a unit of one adjustmentstep similarly.

It is to be noted that, while the adjustment step width becomes greaterthan one adjustment step, if the number of light emitting periods whoselength is to be varied one by one adjustment step is N−1, then theadjustment step width can be reduced from that where the length of allof N light emitting periods is varied one by one adjustment step.Consequently, it is possible to increase the adjustment step number ofthe peak luminance and reduce the adjustment step width to make theluminance variation smooth.

C-3. Product Example

a. Drive IC

In the foregoing description, a pixel array section and a drivingcircuit are formed on one panel.

However, it is possible to produce and distribute the pixel arraysection 3 and the scanning line driving sections 5, 7, 9, 23 or the likeseparately from each other. For example, it is possible to fabricate thescanning line driving sections 5, 7, 9, 23 or the like as an independentdrive IC (integrated circuit) and distribute the same independently of apanel on which the pixel array section 3 is formed.

b. Display Module

The organic EL panel 21 in the embodiment described above may bedistributed in the form of a display module 31 having an appearanceconfiguration shown in FIG. 35.

The display module 31 has a structure wherein an opposing section 33adhered to the surface of a support board 35. The opposing section 33includes a substrate formed from a transparent member of glass or thelike and has a color filter, a protective film, a light blocking filmand so forth disposed on the surface thereof.

It is to be noted that a flexible printed circuit (FPC) 37 for inputtingand outputting a signal from the outside to the support board 35 andvice versa and other necessary elements may be provided on the displaymodule 31.

c. Electronic Apparatus

The organic EL panel in the embodiments described hereinabove iscirculated also in the form of a commodity wherein the organic EL panelis incorporated in an electronic apparatus.

FIG. 36 shows an example of a configuration of an electronic apparatus41. Referring to FIG. 36, the electronic apparatus 41 includes anorganic EL panel 43, which may be any of the organic EL panels describedhereinabove, and a system control block 45. The substance of processingexecuted by the system control block 45 depends upon the form of thecommodity of the electronic apparatus 41.

It is to be noted that the electronic apparatus 41 is not restricted toapparatus of a particular field as long as it incorporates a function ofdisplaying an image produced in the electronic apparatus 41 or inputtedfrom the outside.

The electronic apparatus 41 of the type described may be, for example, atelevision receiver. An example of an appearance of a televisionreceiver 51 is shown in FIG. 37.

A display screen 57 formed from a front panel 53, a filter glass plate55 and so forth is disposed on the front face of a housing of thetelevision receiver 51. The display screen 57 corresponds to the organicEL panel described hereinabove in connection with the embodiment.

Or, the electronic apparatus 41 may be, for example, a digital camera.An example of an appearance of a digital camera 61 is shown in FIGS. 38Aand 38B. FIG. 38A shows an example of an appearance of the digitalcamera 61 on the front face side, that is, on the image pickup objectside, and FIG. 38B shows an example of an appearance of the digitalcamera 61 on the rear face side, that is, on the image pickup personside.

The digital camera 61 includes an image pickup lens not shown disposedon the rear face side of a protective cover 63 which is in a closedstate in FIG. 38A. The digital camera 61 further includes a flash lightemitting block 65, a display screen 67, a control switch 69 and ashutter button 71. The display screen 67 corresponds to the organic ELpanel described hereinabove in connection with the embodiment.

Or else, the electronic apparatus 41 may be, for example, a videocamera. FIG. 39 shows an example of an appearance of a video camera 81.

Referring to FIG. 39, the video camera 81 shown includes an image pickuplens 85 provided at a front portion of a body 83 for picking up an imageof an image pickup object, an image pickup start/stop switch 87, and adisplay screen 89. The display screen 89 corresponds to the organic ELpanel described hereinabove in connection with the embodiment.

Or otherwise, the electronic apparatus 41 may be, for example, aportable terminal apparatus. FIGS. 40A and 40B show an example of anappearance of a portable telephone set 91 as a portable terminalapparatus. Referring to FIGS. 40A and 40B, the portable telephone set 91shown is of the foldable type, and FIG. 40A shows the portable telephoneset 91 in an unfolded state and FIG. 40B shows the portable telephoneset 91 in a folded state.

The portable telephone set 91 includes an upper side housing 93, a lowerside housing 95, a connection portion 97 in the form of a hinge, adisplay screen 99, an auxiliary display screen 101, a picture light 103and an image pickup lens 105. The display screen 99 and the auxiliarydisplay screen 101 correspond to the organic EL panel describedhereinabove in connection with the embodiment.

Furthermore, the electronic apparatus 41 may be, for example, acomputer. FIG. 41 shows an example of an appearance of a notebook typecomputer 111.

The notebook type computer 111 includes a lower side housing 113, anupper side housing 115, a keyboard 117 and a display screen 119. Thedisplay screen 119 corresponds to the organic EL panel describedhereinabove in connection with the embodiment.

The electronic apparatus 41 may further be formed as an audioreproduction apparatus, a game machine, an electronic book, anelectronic dictionary or the like.

C-4. Other Examples of the Display Device

The driving methods described hereinabove may be applied also to otherapparatus than organic EL panels. For example, the driving methods maybe applied, for example, to inorganic EL panels, display panels on whichLEDs are arrayed, and display panels of the self-luminous type whereinlight emitting elements having other diode structures are arrayed on thesurface.

Further, the driving methods described hereinabove may be applied alsoto display panels of the non-self-luminous type such as liquid crystaldisplay panels.

C-5. Other Examples of the Pixel Circuit

In the foregoing description, an example of a pixel circuit of theactive matrix driving type is described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

However, the configuration of the pixel circuit is not limited to this,but the present invention can be applied also to existing pixel circuitsand pixel circuits of various configurations which may be proposed inthe future.

The embodiments described hereinabove may be modified in various mannerswithin the spirit and scope of the present invention. Further, variousmodifications and applications may be made by some operation orcombination based on the disclosure of the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display panel driving method for controlling atotal light emission period length for which a pixel emits light withina one-field period, the method comprising: placing a first lightemission period, a second light emission period, and a third lightemission period within the one-field period; and adjusting, in a statein which a period length from a starting timing of the first lightemission period to an ending timing of the third light emission periodis at least 25% and at most 75% of a one-field period length, a firstno-light emission period between the first light emission period and thesecond light emission period and a second no-light emission periodbetween the second light emission period and the third light emissionperiod, wherein a length of the second light emission period is longerthan a length of the first light emission period, and wherein the lengthof the second light emission period is longer than a length of the thirdlight emission period.
 2. The display panel driving method according toclaim 1, wherein the pixel is configured to emit light only three timeswithin the one-field period.
 3. The display panel driving methodaccording to claim 1, further comprises: disposing a samplingtransistor, a capacitor, a switching transistor, a driving transistor,and a light-emitting element in a pixel circuit of the pixel; andplacing the switching transistor between the driving transistor and thelight-emitting element.
 4. A display apparatus, comprising: a displaypanel driving unit configured to control a total light emission periodlength for which a pixel emits light within a one-field period byplacing a first light emission period, a second light emission period,and a third light emission period within the one-field period; andadjusting, in a state in which a period length from a starting timing ofthe first light emission period to an ending timing of the third lightemission period is at least 25% and at most 75% of a one-field periodlength, a first no-light emission period between the first lightemission period and the second light emission period and a secondno-light emission period between the second light emission period andthe third light emission period, wherein a length of the second lightemission period is longer than a length of the first light emissionperiod, and wherein the length of the second light emission period islonger than a length of the third light emission period.
 5. The displayapparatus according to claim 4, wherein the pixel is configured to emitlight only three times within the one-field period.
 6. The displayapparatus according to claim 4, wherein the pixel has a pixel circuitincluding a sampling transistor, a capacitor, a switching transistor, adriving transistor, and a light-emitting element, and the switchingtransistor is disposed between the driving transistor and thelight-emitting element.